Turbine.



R. CA'IRNS 8: D. KUSELV TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 13 1917.

Patented Nov. '13. 1917.

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UNITED STATES PATENT onnron.

ROBERT CAIRNS AND DANIEL KUSEL, OF WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNORS OF ONE-HALF TO SAID CAIRNS AND ONE-EAL? TO I). 85 F. KUSEL COMPANY, OF WATER- TOWN, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed uly 13, 1917. Serial No. 180,352.

is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which are a part of this specificatlon.

The present invention relates to new and useful improvements in turbines, more particularly of a small type and adaptedfor such uses as driving ventilation fans.

In a plant isolated from electric power, thus preventing the use of small motors, and wherein the power is supplied by steam, it is often desired to drive various mechanisms, such as ventilation fans, which are so actuated as to render application of power from the main drive unit of the plant inconvenient or impracticable. It is therefore primarily our object to provide a turbine particularly adapted for driving such various mechanisms and which may utilize otherwise waste steam of the main power unit. In the latter connection it is more particularly an object to provide a turbine which is driven chiefly by the impact force of the steam, which is at a relatively low pressure.

A further object resides in the provision of a device of this nature which is exceedingly simple in structure and which may be invention, one wall of the casing being removed to show the turbine wheel, and a portion of the casing and wheel being in section; Fig. 2 is an edge view of the turbine, with the upper portion of the vca's ingfin section;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail sectional view showing the inlet steam nozzle and the incl1ned impact pockets of the wheel; and,

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the removable gate for closing the rim channel of the wheel.

Referring now more particularly to the accompanying drawings, there is provided the casing including a side wall 5 integrally connected with the peripheral wall 6 from which depends a discharge neck 7, the peripheral wall being provided with an out turned annular flange 8 to which is bolted a removable side wall 9. The casing is supported by the insertion of its discharge neck 7 in a hollow standard 10 through which the turbine exhaust is carried, and the discharge neck 7 closes the upper end of the standard and is secured therein by its binding engagement with a set screw 11 threaded in the upper portion of the standard. The turbine wheel includes a rim 12 carried by spokes 1,3 which radiate from a.

16 in which are positioned spaced bushings 17, the innermost bushing projecting slightly into the casing and forming a thrust bearing for the shaft enlargement 14E, whichmay be termed a portion of the hub of the turbine wheel. At the other side of the casing.

the shaft 15 is journaled in a bushing 18 mounted within an outwardly projecting sleeve 19 of the removable'wall 9, and threaded in the outer end of the sleeve 19 is an adjusting screw'21 with a. set nut 20.

thereon. The adjusting screw 21 abuts a fiber washer 22 at the end of the shaft 15, the washerbeing seated within the end of the bushing '22. Thus by adjusting the screw 21, the hub'of the turbine wheel-may be held 'To assure proper balance of the turbine wheel, bosses 24 are 'caston theinner'face Patented Nov. 13, 1917,

of the wheel rim and may be ,readily filed away to procure the desired balance.

To provide a steam race at the rim of the wheel, whereby the wheel may be rotated by impact of steam thereagainst and by frictional engagement of steam, the inner face of the peripheral wall 6 of the casing is inwardly offset at one side of the casin forming consequentv shoulders 25 at the juncture with the remaining wall portion, and the wheel rim is provided at the sides of its upper face with annular flanges 26 which are of such diameter as to afford practically no space between their outer edges and the ottset casing wall portion.

Projecting from the upper por "ion of the annular casing wall. at its thickened side is a boss 27 in which is formed a steam inlet port 28 taperingly reduced to form an inlet nozzle aperture at the inner periphery of the wall, the axis of this aperture obliquely intersecting the wheel rim. The wheel rim is provided between its flanges 26 with an annular series of transversely extending pockets 29, the walls of which are so inclined as to obliquely intersect the steam race when disposed thereadjacent, and being substantially parallel to the axis of the steam nozzle when disposed immediately thereadjacent. Thus steam discharged from the nozzle will impart a direct rot-ative impact to the wheel, whereby the main force ofrotation is procured, and in passing through the race to the discharge neck at the bottom of the casing, the steam will engage frictionally in the pockets 29, particularly by reason of their oblique inclination and will add further rotative force. Since only one side of the peripheralwall of the casing is disposed adjacent the wheel rim flanges to form the race, and the remaining side is spaced away from said flanges, a minimum amount of. friction is produced in connection with the race, and this spaced side ofthe casing is open to the interior whereby the possibility of building up retarding pressures is prevented. To prevent the inlet pressure of steam from passing around thesaid spaced side of the casing, a gate 30 is slidably passed through slot 81 in the top of the casing immediately rearwardly of the nozzle withrespect. to the direction of rotation of the wheel, this gate having a reduced extension ;.32 on its bottom adapted to fit between the flanges 26 of the wheel rim and thus close the upper end of the steam race. This gate is held by binding engagement with a 7 set screw 33 threading through the casing and thus, to remove the turbine wheel it may be readily lifted in its slot to clear its extension 32 with respect to the inner wheel flange 26. V j p, j

.An exceedingly simple turbine has thus been provided, which finds a particular application in the utilization of otherwise waste steam for driving fans or the like or for use in any otherconnection wherein an exceedingly compact and simple structure is desired.

We have shown our improved turbine associated with a fan 34, the hub of which is mounted on that end of the wheel shaft 15 which projects outwardly of the bearing sleeve 16, although it will be appreciated that this projecting end may carry any desired power applying means.

l Vhat we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is z 1, A turbine of the type described, com prising a casing, a rotor in the casing form-- ing a steam race at one side of the casing in conjunction therewith, said rotor being pro vided with an annular series 'of peripheral pockets, and a nozzle arranged to discharge into the steam race and obliquely against said pockets. a v i 2. A turbine of thetype described, comprising a casing, a rotor'in the casing forming a steam race at one side of the casing in conjunction therewith, said rotor being provided with an annularseries of peripheral pockets, and having their'walls transverse to the plane of rotation inclined in the direction of rotation, and a nozzle ar-- ranged to discharge intothe steam race and obliquely against said pockets. v

3.. A turbine ofthe type described, comprising a casing including an annular wall,

a rotorin the casing provided with pockets in its periphery, a portion of the inner face of the peripheral casing wall being inwardly offset to form a'ste'a m race between it and the peripheryv of the rotor, and a nozzle arranged to discharge into the steam race and obliquely against said pockets.

i. A turbine of the type described, comprising a casing including an annular wall, a rotor in the casing provided with pockets in its periphery, a portion of the innerface of the peripheral casing wall being inwardly offset, outturned annular flanges at the peripheral edges ofthe rotor meeting the offset portion of the peripheral casing wall to form a steam race, the remaining portions of thelfla'nges being freelyspaced from the casing, andaf nozzle arranged to discharge into the steam race and obliquely against said pockets.

asing, a gate slidably'pafssed through the peripheral casing wall at one endofitsoffset portion, and engageable between the rotor flanges to close one end of the steam race, and a nozzle arranged to discharge into said end of the steam race and obliquely against said pockets.

6. A turbine of the class described, comprising a casing, outwardly projecting hearing sleeves on the side walls of the casing, bushings in said sleeves, a shaft journaled in said bushings, a rotor in said casing having its hub fixed on the shaft, the bushing of one bearing sleeve projecting into the cas ing to form a thrust bearing for the rotor hub, and means for holding said hub against said bearing.

7 A turbine of the class described, comprising a casing, outwardly projecting bearing sleeves, 0n the side walls of the casing, bushings in said sleeves, a shaft journaled in said bushings, a rotor in said casing having its hub fixed on the shaft, the bushing of one bearing sleeve projecting into the casing to form a thrust bearing for the rotor hub, an adjusting screw carried by the other sleeve and engageable with the adjacent end of the shaft to hold the rotor hub against its thrust bearing.

In testimony whereof, we affix our signatures, in presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT CAIRNS. DANIEL KUSEL. WVitnesses:

RICHARD C. THANER, CHAS. A. SKINNER.

Copies 0! this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

